What does biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) refer to?
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BOD and COD are two important indicators for measuring the degree of organic pollution in water bodies.
BOD: It refers to the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose organic substances in water under certain conditions. It reflects the total amount of organic substances in wastewater that can be decomposed by microorganisms.
COD: It refers to the amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic pollutants and reducing substances in water with a strong oxidizing agent under certain conditions. It reflects the degree of pollution of water by reducing substances (especially organic substances).
What is the difference between water treatment and wastewater treatment?
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Water treatment mainly refers to the process of converting natural water or slightly polluted water into water that meets the standards for drinking water or water for specific purposes. Its purpose is to remove harmful substances in the water and ensure the safety of water quality. It is suitable for drinking water, industrial water, etc. Wastewater treatment refers to the process of purifying water containing various pollutants such as industrial wastewater and domestic sewage to meet the discharge standards or reuse standards. The purpose is to reduce pollution to the environment and protect the ecological environment. The two are different in treatment objectives, treatment technologies and processes.
What is the most common activated sludge process?
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Common activated sludge processes include oxidation ditch, A2/O, and SBR sequencing batch activated sludge processes.
How long does it take for sewage to be treated?
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The time required for sewage treatment depends on many factors, including the type of sewage, treatment process, size and efficiency of the treatment facility, etc. For example, primary treatment may only take a few hours, while secondary biological treatment may take several days, and more advanced tertiary treatment or deep treatment may take longer. The specific time needs to be determined according to the actual sewage treatment plant design and operation standards.
What is a modular wastewater treatment plant?
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The modular wastewater treatment plant is a wastewater treatment plant that adopts a modular and standardized construction method. It prefabricates modular prefabricated structures in the factory and then assembles them on site. This method greatly improves the construction quality of the sewage treatment plant and shortens the construction period.
What is a wastewater treatment system?
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Wastewater treatment is a process which removes and eliminates contaminants from wastewater and converts this into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. This process involves various physical, chemical and biological processes to treat wastewater to ensure its safe disposal or reuse.
What are package wastewater treatment plants?
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Package wastewater treatment plants are pre-manufactured treatment facilities used to treat wastewater in small communities or on individual properties. Compared with traditional wastewater treatment facilities, package wastewater treatment plants have a more compact structure and are characterized by convenient transportation, plug-and-play, and stable operation.
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What is biological wastewater treatment?
Biological wastewater treatment is designed to degrade pollutants dissolved in effluents by the action of microorganisms. The microorganisms utilize these substances to live and reproduce. These microorganisms consume the pollutants matter present in the wastewater, converting it into harmless by-products such as carbon dioxide, water and biomass. This method is commonly used in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants to remove contaminants and allow water to be safely discharged into the environment.
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What is the most common wastewater treatment?
The most common wastewater treatment technologies are divided into three categories: physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment according to technical principles. (1) Physical treatment technology mainly uses gravity separation, centrifugal separation, screening and interception and other methods to separate and remove insoluble suspended pollutants in wastewater. (2) Chemical treatment technologies mainly include neutralization, coagulation, chemical precipitation, adsorption, etc. These methods can separate, recycle, or convert contaminants in wastewater into harmless substances. (3) Biological treatment technology mainly uses the activated sludge method, biofilm method and other methods to degrade and convert dissolved and colloidal organic pollutants in wastewater into harmless substances, so that wastewater can be purified.
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What are the advantages of membrane bioreactor?
Compared with the traditional activated sludge process, membrane bioreactors have the advantages of small footprint, strong impact load resistance, and low sludge yield. The “Swift” Solar-Powerwd Sewage Treatment Bioreactor independently developed by our company is a dynamic biofilm reactor. Compared with MBR has the advantages of low energy consumption, low operating cost and easy maintenance.
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What is the new technology for wastewater treatment?
Bacteria screen filter technology utilizes the microbial flora, EPS and other substances in activated sludge to form a micron-level filtration membrane layer under the action of a special base membrane and hydraulic flow state, thereby achieving efficient solid-liquid separation of sludge and water through microgravity water production.
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What does a membrane bioreactor do?
Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) is a highly efficient sewage treatment facility that combines biotechnology with membrane technology. It uses membrane separation technology to replace the secondary sedimentation tank in the traditional activated sludge process to achieve efficient solid-liquid separation and provide the possibility for deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
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What is a sewage treatment tank?
A septic tank is a domestic sewage pretreatment facility used to treat feces and perform filtering and sedimentation.
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What are the parts of a membrane bioreactor?
The membrane bioreactor is mainly composed of a reaction tank body, membrane components, water collection system, aeration system, effluent system, etc.
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What is the most common activated sludge process?
Common activated sludge processes include A/O (anaerobic/aerobic), A2/O (anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic), oxidation ditch, SBR (sequential batch activated sludge process), etc.
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What are the advantages of modular wastewater treatment systems?
The modular wastewater treatment system is flexible and can be combined and matched according to the actual situation on site to achieve the best sewage treatment effect. The equipment is highly integrated and easy to transport and install. It has low cost and small footprint.
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What materials are used in wastewater treatment?
Materials used in wastewater treatment include but are not limited to activated carbon, filter paper, filter membrane, filter sand, chemical reagents, bacterial agents, etc. These materials are used to remove suspended matter, heavy metals, organic matter and other pollutants in wastewater in order to purify water quality. For example, activated carbon can adsorb organic matter and certain heavy metals in wastewater, filter paper and filter membrane can filter out larger particles and microorganisms, and filter sand is used to remove suspended matter and some organic matter. In addition, chemical reagents such as flocculants and precipitants are also used to help separate and remove pollutants in wastewater. The choice of materials depends on the specific composition of the wastewater and the treatment objectives.
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What is the most common activated sludge process?
Common activated sludge processes include AO process, A2O process, oxidation ditch process, SBR process and CASS process.
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What is the purpose of denitrification?
Denitrification is an anaerobic process that is mainly used to remove excess nitrates from wastewater and prevent excessive discharge of nitrogen from causing eutrophication of receiving water bodies.
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What is the A2O process in wastewater?
A2O is a sewage treatment process, the full name of which is Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic. This process combines the traditional activated sludge process, biological nitrification and denitrification process and biological phosphorus removal process. The main process includes three stages: anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic. It can remove organic matter, denitrify and remove phosphorus at the same time to achieve sewage purification
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What is the process of activated sludge?
Activated sludge is a general term for microbial communities and the organic and inorganic substances they are attached to. Activated sludge is mainly used to treat sewage and wastewater. The activated sludge process is an aerobic biological treatment process that uses microbial flocs to treat organic sewage.
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What happens to the solid waste generated in sewage treatment process?
The treatment methods of sludge generated during sewage treatment mainly include concentration, dehydration and final disposal, among which the final disposal methods include incineration, composting, fermentation or use as an admixture for building materials.
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What is the function of biological filter?
Biofilter is a technology that uses the action of microorganisms to treat sewage. Its working principle is based on the biofilm formed by microorganisms on the filter material to degrade and transform organic matter in sewage, including elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus that cause eutrophication of water bodies, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying sewage.
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Is sewage sludge harmful?
The sludge produced during sewage treatment contains a large number of parasite eggs and pathogenic microorganisms, has a high water content, has a foul odor, and is easy to rot. If it is discharged directly without treatment, it will cause secondary pollution.
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What wastewater is made of?
Wastewater is mainly divided into two categories: domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. The pollutants contained in domestic sewage are mainly organic matter (such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, urea, ammonia nitrogen, etc.) and a large number of pathogenic microorganisms (such as parasite eggs and enteric infectious viruses, etc.); industrial wastewater has different pollutant compositions depending on the production products and processes. They mainly include heavy metals such as lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, copper, zinc, as well as organic matter such as petroleum, solvents, pesticides, dyes, and synthetic materials.
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Is activated sludge aerobic or anaerobic?
Activated sludge is generally classified as a microbial population in an aerobic treatment system and is therefore aerobic.
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What happens to water after sewage treatment?
After sewage treatment, the appearance and quality of the water are significantly improved. The treated water is clear and transparent, suspended solids and turbidity are reduced, and harmful substances such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, pathogens, etc. are removed or reduced to safe levels. At the same time, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are reduced to prevent eutrophication of water bodies. Eventually, the treated water meets discharge standards and can even be reused.
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What does activated sludge remove?
Activated sludge can remove organic matter and high concentrations of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, cyanide, phosphorus, etc. in wastewater treatment.
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What happens if wastewater is not treated?
If wastewater is discharged directly without treatment, there will be a series of negative effects: water bodies are seriously polluted, and aquatic life is threatened. Groundwater is polluted, affecting human drinking water sources. The environment is damaged, the ecosystem is damaged, and biodiversity is reduced. Public health risks increase, and pathogens may cause diseases. Economically, the cost of pollution control is high, and related industries may suffer. Legally, illegal discharge may lead to fines and legal sanctions. Therefore, wastewater treatment is crucial and is a necessary means to protect the environment and human health.
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What is the difference between a septic tank and a package treatment plant?
Septic tanks mainly rely on sedimentation and anaerobic fermentation to initially decompose organic matter in sewage, while integrated sewage treatment equipment uses more complex processes, such as activated sludge method, biofilm method, etc., to achieve more efficient sewage treatment effects.
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What happens to the solid waste generated in sewage treatment process?
Septic tanks mainly rely on sedimentation and anaerobic fermentation to initially decompose organic matter in sewage, while integrated sewage treatment equipment uses more complex processes, such as activated sludge method, biofilm method, etc., to achieve more efficient sewage treatment effects.
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Why is it important to have a sewage treatment plant?
Sewage treatment plants are important because they can effectively treat harmful substances in sewage and convert them into substances that are harmless to the environment, thereby preventing sewage from being directly discharged into the environment and causing harm to the ecosystem and human health. Sewage treatment plants remove suspended matter, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in sewage through a series of physical, chemical and biological processes, so that the water quality is improved and meets the discharge standards or reuse requirements. This is of great significance for protecting water resources, maintaining ecological balance and human health.
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What does nitrification and denitrification refer to?
Nitrification refers to the process in which nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia into nitrite and then further oxidize it into nitric acid; denitrification refers to the process in which denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas (N2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) under anaerobic conditions.
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What is a portable water treatment plant?
The integrated sewage treatment device is a system that completes multiple links in the sewage treatment process within one single equipment. It integrates functions such as pretreatment, biological treatment, sedimentation, and disinfection. It is usually used to treat domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, etc., and is applicable to occasions where the site is limited or a compact treatment is required.
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What are the advantages of MBR against conventional activated sludge processes (CASP)?
Compared with the conventional activated sludge process, the MBR sewage treatment system has the following advantages:
- High solid-liquid separation efficiency.
- As there is no need for a secondary sedimentation tank, the system has simple equipment and occupies a small space.
- The system has a high microbial mass concentration and a high volumetric loading.
- The sludge retention time is long.
- The amount of sludge generated is small.
- It is resistant to shock loads.
- Due to its simple system structure, it is easy to operate, manage and realize automation.
What is the feeding frequency of the Manure Fertilizer Fermentation Tank?
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The input can be carried out according to the actual situation of the project operation. The 10m3 poultry manure processed every day can be added to the MFT Fermentation Tank at one time, or it can be fed several times a day.
What is the maximum feed volume per time of Manure Fertilizer Fermentation Tank?
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It is recommended that the maximum daily feed amount should not exceed the maximum processing capacity of the manure fermentation tank and can be added all at once.
How to purify flue gas?
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The flue gas after incineration includes dust, dioxins, acid gas and other pollutants. Sedimentation towers, bag dust collectors, and electrostatic adsorption towers are usually used to intercept dust in the flue gas. Reduce dioxin concentration through rapid cooling and activated carbon adsorption. Scrubber towers are usually used to remove acid and alkali gases in flue gas.
What is the composition of flue gas from waste incineration?
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The flue gas after garbage incineration mainly includes CO2, water, a small amount of dust, SO2, NOx, dioxins and other pollutants. Each country/region sets emission limits on pollutants to reduce the environmental pollution caused by incineration.
What is the best way to shred garden waste?
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The best way to crush garden waste is two-stage crushing. After picking out hard inorganic waste such as metal and stones, the garden waste is passed through a primary crusher to complete the initial separation. The output is put into a secondary crusher and crushed to a diameter of less than 2mm. Two-stage crushing is more uniform than primary crushing and can extend the service life of the crusher.
What are the methods of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal?
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Common MSW disposal methods include landfilling, incineration, recycling and composting. MSW can be considered a complex matrix since it consists of several types of wastes, including organic matter from food waste, paper waste, packaging, plastics, bottles, metals, textiles, yard waste, and other miscellaneous items.
Incineration, also known as waste-to-energy, involves the controlled burning of municipal solid waste. The heat generated by this process is used to generate electricity or heat. Incineration reduces the amount of waste and generates energy, making it an attractive solution for cities with limited landfill space.
Recycling and composting are sustainable waste management practices that aim to divert waste from landfills. Recycling involves collecting and processing materials such as paper, plastic, glass and metal to create new products. Composting involves breaking down organic waste, such as food scraps and yard trimmings, into nutrient-rich compost that can be used in gardening and farming. These methods reduce the consumption of natural resources and minimize environmental impact, but require effective waste sorting and collection systems.
What is an aerobic food digestion equipment?
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The aerobic food digestion equipment uses microbial aerobic fermentation technology to quickly decompose and convert food waste into humus. It has the characteristics of high-temperature fermentation, environmental friendliness and low energy consumption. It is often used for food waste treatment in communities, schools, villages and towns. The equipment realizes on-site "reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness" treatment of food waste.
How does a garbage incinerator work?
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The garbage incinerator adopts pyrolysis and gasification technology. The sorted and broken garbage is decomposed into combustible gases mainly composed of CO and H2 in the first combustion chamber due to a lack of oxygen or low oxygen. These combustible gases enter the second combustion chamber from the first combustion chamber through the air holes, and are burnt with oxygen in the second combustion chamber, thereby reducing waste and recovering heat. The burned gas meets the emission standards after subsequent flue gas treatment. After burning, about 10% of the waste residue is discharged and can be landfilled or paved.
What garbage is burned in the incinerator?
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The garbage incinerator can incinerate classified municipal solid waste and other domestic waste, such as rubber and plastics, paper, knitting, plastics, etc. Garbage that cannot be incinerated includes large electrical appliances, construction waste, stones, soil, and large and long strips of waste. Large, long strips of garbage such as quilts and hemp ropes will become entangled in the crusher, feeding screw and other equipment in the pretreatment equipment, causing the equipment to be unable to operate or even damage the equipment.
Is incineration better than landfill?
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The current landfills add anti-seepage systems and leachate collection and treatment systems during infrastructure and coverage to reduce the possibility of secondary pollution during the landfill process. However, it still cannot change the disadvantages of landfills occupying a large area and emitting greenhouse gases such as methane. Incineration achieves waste reduction to a large extent, and the complete incineration process is equipped with a flue gas purification system to reduce the waste gas content to the greatest extent. The biogas residue generated after incineration is then landfilled, which reduces the burden on the landfill and avoids the generation of permeate.
What is the difference between composting and a digester?
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Composting is mainly aerobic or hypoxic fermentation to produce organic fertilizer. Digesters mostly refer to anaerobic processes such as biogas digesters, which convert organic waste into fuel or electricity. The appropriate fermentation process can be selected according to the composition of organic waste and the organic matter content.
What waste cannot be incinerated?
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Waste that cannot be incinerated includes food waste with too high water content, stones and muck with low calorific value, high ash content, and incombustible soil, construction waste, and large electrical appliances. Some industrial waste, hazardous waste, and laboratory waste require professional treatment and then selective incineration. For HYHH's 0.5-30t/d High Temperature Pyrolysis Waste Incinerator, in addition to the above garbage, there are also large-volume and long domestic garbage, such as quilts, hemp ropes, etc., which also need to be picked out from the garbage pool, otherwise Can damage pretreatment equipment.
How does a waste digester work?
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The automatic feeding system of the waste digester dumps the food waste in the garbage bin onto the sorting platform. After picking out the non-fermentable garbage, the digester crushes and dehydrates the waste. The solid garbage enters the aerobic fermentation system to produce organic fertilizer matrix, the liquid enters the oil and water treatment to recover grease, and the remaining waste liquid is treated and discharged in compliance with the standards.
What is incineration treatment of municipal solid waste?
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Municipal solid waste incineration is a process of reducing the volume of combustible municipal solid waste collected and sorted and incinerating it. After the domestic waste is collected, it is transported to the waste transfer station for sorting. Recyclable waste such as metals and plastic bottles is recycled, wet waste can be composted, and the remaining combustible waste is transported to the waste incineration plant for combustion disposal.
What is the best way to process food waste?
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Composting and fermenting food waste can achieve volume reduction and produce organic fertilizer matrix for greening fertilization. For centralized treatment of large amounts of collected food waste, it is recommended to use microbial aerobic fermentation technology, which has a fast processing speed, is safe and pollution-free, and can recycle grease and organic fertilizer.
How can we make food waste decompose faster?
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Sufficient stirring can speed up the decomposition of food waste. For the treatment of food waste, microbial aerobic fermentation or anaerobic fermentation technology is usually used. Stirring can increase the contact area between microorganisms and food waste, allowing microorganisms to be more evenly distributed on the surface of the waste. In addition, providing microorganisms with suitable temperature, humidity, and oxygen content can also promote the decomposition process.
How to dispose of chicken poop?
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Chicken manure produced by farms can be fermented at high temperature. High-temperature aerobic fermentation technology is to add high-temperature aerobic microorganisms and stirring processes to compost to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in chicken manure and eventually produce organic fertilizer. If the amount of chicken manure produced is large, anaerobic fermentation technology can also be used to produce methane and other renewable energy sources. However, the produced biogas residue needs further treatment.
What is the use of OWC(Organic Waste Convertor) ?
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OWC (Organic Waste Convertor) is a process of recycling organic waste such as fruit peels, leftovers, etc. produced in daily life. Organic waste is not easy to store and produces unpleasant odors after decay. OWC equipment converts organic matter in organic waste into small molecular organic matter, and the produced organic fertilizer is easier for plants to absorb. The whole process reduces the volume and weight of organic waste, produces almost no odor, and can also be recycled.
How long does chicken poop need to compost?
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7~10 days. The traditional natural composting of chicken poop may take 2-3 months to fully mature. However, with the intelligent integrated high-temperature manure fermentation tank, the time required to achieve the same effect can be shortened to 7~10 days. The difference is mainly in the choice of process. The high-temperature fermentation tank provides a suitable living environment for the fermentation bacteria, which speeds up the decomposition and maturity process.
How do you make organic fertilizer from pig manure?
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The pig manure, reflux material and biological fermentation bacteria are mixed evenly, and the temperature and oxygen suitable for the survival and reproduction of the fermentation bacteria are provided. The fermentation bacteria decompose the macromolecular organic matter in the pig manure into simple organic matter that can be absorbed by plants, thus realizing the transformation of pig manure into organic fertilizer. HYHH’s Manure Fertilizer Fermentation Tank has realized the automatic control of the process of making organic fertilizer from pig manure. It is easy to operate and can be remotely controlled.
What is an example of organic waste?
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Organic waste mainly includes kitchen waste, food waste, green waste and other waste with high organic content and easy to rot. Specifically, fruit peels, eggshells, leftovers, vegetables, fallen leaves, straw, etc. are all organic waste.
How is organic waste managed?
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Organic waste has the characteristics of high organic matter content, high water content and easy decay. The collected organic waste can be treated by aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation or composting. Aerobic fermentation and composting produce organic fertilizer, while anaerobic fermentation mainly produces biogas and other recyclable energy.
Does commercial compost smell?
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The composting process will inevitably produce malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, which will also be produced during commercial composting. However, commercial composting is a centralized treatment of organic waste and is usually equipped with a deodorization system. The odor is collected above the composting reaction room and transported to the acid-base scrubber through pipes to remove the malodorous components in the gas through chemical neutralization.
Is home compost better than commercial compost?
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Home composting generally has a relatively small processing capacity, unstable waste composition, and large fluctuations in the quality of the organic fertilizer produced. It also has a strong odor and is prone to mosquitoes. It is only suitable for families with strong hands-on skills and a yard. Commercial composting is a way of collecting and processing organic waste in a unified manner. It is much larger than home composting. The waste components after crushing and mixing are relatively uniform, and it can stably produce organic fertilizer matrix. It is also equipped with a deodorization system, high-temperature sterilization, and intelligent control, making it simple and convenient to operate. For kitchen waste such as fruit peels and vegetable leaves, you can try home composting. For other situations, commercial composting is recommended.
How can we turn organic waste into energy?
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Organic waste can be converted into biogas through anaerobic fermentation, or it can be mixed with domestic waste and burned together to generate heat and electricity. However, the solid biogas residue after anaerobic fermentation still contains a large amount of organic matter, which needs to be further decomposed by aerobic fermentation to produce organic fertilizer matrix. It is not recommended to incinerate organic waste with too high humidity, as it has a high moisture content and is not flammable.
What temperature is best for fermentation?
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The fermentation temperature is mainly related to the selected biological fermentation bacteria. The essence of fermentation is that microorganisms decompose organic matter in garbage into small molecules that can be absorbed by plants. Fermentation equipment provides the most suitable environmental conditions for the survival and reproduction of fermentation bacteria, and temperature is one of them. HYHH's fermentation equipment uses high-temperature fermentation bacteria, and the temperature is maintained at around 70°C. In addition to ensuring the survival needs of high-temperature fermentation bacteria, it can also effectively kill harmful bacteria in garbage and achieve harmless production.
Why is fermentation slow at cold temperatures?
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When the temperature does not reach the temperature conditions required for the survival of the fermentation bacteria, the activity of the fermentation bacteria will be inhibited and the fermentation process will be slowed down..
How do you decompose garden waste?
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We use environmentally friendly bio-fermentation technology to treat garden waste. We crush branches, straw, weeds and other garden waste twice, add microbial flora and provide them with suitable living conditions. Finally, we produce organic fertilizer matrix, and the resource utilization rate reaches over 90%.
What is the fermentation process of manure?
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After being crushed and mixed, the feces enter the high-temperature fermentation equipment. The high-temperature fermentation tank fully mixes the feces and biological fermentation bacteria to accelerate the fermentation process. The fermentation bacteria decompose and mature the organic matter in the feces and finally convert it into organic fertilizer.
How is domestic waste disposed of?
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The garbage generated in daily life is mainly divided into wet garbage, recyclable garbage, hazardous garbage and other garbage. Wet garbage can be fermented using kitchen equipment after washing to produce organic fertilizer matrix. Recyclable garbage such as cans and iron wire can be recycled. Hazardous waste needs to be centrally processed by qualified companies. Other garbage is usually incinerated or landfilled.
What is the most commonly used incinerator?
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The most common and technologically mature incinerator is the mechanical grate furnace, which processes about 1,000 tons of garbage every day. Mechanical grate furnaces have high requirements for the calorific value of garbage and usually need to add auxiliary fuels such as gasoline and diesel. However, for a processing scale of less than 100 tons, gasification incinerators are a better choice.
What is pretreatment of waste?
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The composition of domestic waste is relatively complex, and most of it is mixed with food waste and non-combustible waste, which increases the burden of incineration. Pretreatment is the process of removing non-combustible substances in the waste that may cause damage to the furnace body, and at the same time crushing the waste to be incinerated. Pretreatment is beneficial to extend the service life of the incinerator.
What is the main objective of manure handling?
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Prevent livestock and poultry manure from directly entering the environment and causing pollution, reduce odor and improve the living environment. At the same time, the organic fertilizer produced by livestock and poultry manure after aerobic fermentation can supplement the nutrients of the land and turn waste into treasure.
Does waste incineration produce energy?
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Waste incineration produces energy. Intuitively, a large amount of heat is generated during waste incineration. During normal operation of HYHH's gasification incinerator, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is stable at 850-1100°C, which avoids the generation of dioxin while generating heat.
What are the operating costs of a manure fermenter?
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The operating costs include electricity and water charges generated by the operation of the equipment, and the wages of operators. We will select the model for you based on the actual situation of the project and provide specific daily power and water consumption.
What is the moisture content requirement for manure fed into a Manure Fermentation Tank?
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The moisture content of the input manure needs to be strictly controlled below 70%, and the processing effect is better when the moisture content is within 65%.
How often should I change my RO membrane?
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The life of RO membrane is usually about 2-5 years, and the specific time depends on factors such as brand, quality, frequency of use, and raw water quality. You can preliminarily judge whether it needs to be replaced by observing the amount, color, transparency, turbidity of the effluent water and the color and texture of the RO membrane.
What is the difference between ion exchange and RO?
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Ion exchange and reverse osmosis are two water treatment technologies. Ion exchange uses resins to remove specific ions, such as calcium and magnesium, and can be regenerated. Reverse osmosis uses a semi-permeable membrane under pressure to allow only water molecules to pass through, retaining impurities such as dissolved solids, organic matter, bacteria, etc.
What is reverse osmosis?
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Reverse osmosis (RO) is a means of pulling clean water out of polluted water or salt water by pushing water through a membrane under pressure. An example of reverse osmosis is the process by which contaminated water is filtered under pressure. This technology is widely used to improve the taste and quality of drinking water.
What are the machines used in water treatment?
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HYHH's water purification equipment mainly includes DW intelligent integrated drinking water purification station and reverse osmosis integrated machine. The processing capacity can be customized according to needs.
What is a nanofiltration system?
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Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane separation process between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. It is used to separate substances with relatively small molecular weight, such as inorganic salts, or small molecular organic substances such as glucose and sucrose, from solvents. The pore size of nanofiltration membranes ranges from a few nanometers.
Is NF better than RO?
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In terms of filtration accuracy, nanofiltration is not as good as reverse osmosis. The pore size of reverse osmosis membrane is 0.002~0.0003μm, which can intercept dissolved salts, colloidal particles, bacteria, viruses, microorganisms, organic matter, inorganic minerals, and heavy metal substances except water molecules, some small molecules, ions, etc., while nanofiltration membrane does not have such high filtration accuracy.
Do you need an UV light for reverse osmosis?
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No. The reverse osmosis membrane itself can filter out most bacteria, heavy metals, etc., and there is no need to add ultraviolet lamps for disinfection and sterilization. In addition, adding ultraviolet lamps may shorten the service life of some pipelines inside the equipment. If filtering surface water such as rainwater and well water, ultraviolet double disinfection can be added before reverse osmosis.
Does reverse osmosis remove bacteria?
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Reverse osmosis membrane can remove most bacteria in tap water. The bacteria removal rate of reverse osmosis membrane varies depending on the membrane pore size. Our company's reverse osmosis integrated machine can remove bacteria, viruses, etc. in tap water at a removal rate of more than 99%.
What does a reverse osmosis water system do?
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It intercepts impurities in water such as soluble solids, organic matter, colloids and bacteria to achieve the purpose of separation and purification.
What is not removed by reverse osmosis?
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Although reverse osmosis membranes can filter out most solutes, there are still some ions that cannot be filtered out by reverse osmosis membranes, such as sodium ions (Na+), calcium ions (Ca2+), magnesium ions (Mg2+), etc.
How do you purify water in remote areas?
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Most remote areas do not have sewage collection pipe networks, and the water quality and quantity fluctuate greatly and the discharge is dispersed, so small integrated sewage treatment equipment is used for sewage purification. According to the requirements of the effluent water quality, choose whether to add a UV disinfection room. You can refer to our independently developed integrated sewage treatment equipment, such as PWT-A Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant, WET Sewage Treatment Plant Tank, “Swift” Solar-Powered Sewage Treatment Bioreactor. For surface water, tap water and groundwater with good water quality, reverse osmosis purification equipment can be used to meet drinking water standards, such as our Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment System.
What is the principle of reverse osmosis?
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Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation operation that separates the solvent from the solution through the transmembrane pressure difference. When pressure is applied to the solution on one side of the membrane, when the pressure exceeds its osmotic pressure, the solvent will reversely permeate in the direction of natural osmosis, thereby obtaining the permeated solvent, i.e., the permeate, on the low-pressure side of the membrane, and the concentrated solution, i.e., the concentrate, on the high-pressure side.
Does ion exchange reduce TDS?
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The ion exchange process can reduce the total dissolved solids (TDS) content of water. Through the ion exchange resin, some of the ions in the water are adsorbed and replaced with other ions. For example, when softening water, calcium and magnesium ions in the water are replaced with sodium ions or hydrogen ions, which reduces the hardness of the water and reduces the TDS. However, the ion exchange process itself does not remove all types of dissolved solids, so the degree of TDS reduction depends on which ions are exchanged and how efficiently the exchange is done.
What happens when a RO membrane gets old?
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The following three phenomena will occur after the RO membrane ages: (1) The water production volume decreases: The aging of the RO membrane will cause its filtration efficiency to decrease, and the water production volume will decrease significantly. This is because the pore size of the RO membrane becomes larger, allowing harmful substances that should be filtered out to enter the water through the membrane pores, resulting in a reduction in water production.
(2) Water quality decline: After the RO membrane ages, its filtration effect weakens, and the treated water quality will decline significantly. The TDS value (total dissolved solids) may increase, the water may taste worse, or even have an off-flavor12.
(3) Equipment damage: If the RO membrane is not replaced in time after aging, it will cause the pressure pump to overoperate, accelerate damage to the water treatment system, and increase future maintenance costs