AMANZI AMANZI KANYE NENKAHLA

INKUNKUMA EYINDLELA

UKUHLANJWA KWAMANZI

Ngabe i-biological oxygen demand (BOD) ne-chemical oxygen demand (COD) ibhekisa kuphi?

I-BOD ne-COD yizinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile zokulinganisa izinga lokungcoliswa kwemvelo emanzini.

I-BOD: Ibhekisela enanini lomoya-mpilo odingwa amagciwane ukuze abole izinto eziphilayo emanzini ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ibonisa inani eliphelele lezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile ezingaboliswa ama-microorganisms.

I-COD: Ibhekisela enanini lomoya-mpilo odingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidize ukungcola kwemvelo kanye nokunciphisa izinto emanzini nge-oxidizing ejenti enamandla ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ibonisa izinga lokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngokunciphisa izinto (ikakhulukazi izinto eziphilayo).

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlanza amanzi nokuhlanza amanzi angcolile?

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ohlelweni lokuguqula amanzi emvelo noma amanzi angcoliswe kancane abe amanzi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanzi okuphuza noma amanzi ngezinjongo ezithile. Inhloso yawo ukususa izinto eziyingozi emanzini futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Afanele amanzi okuphuza, amanzi ezimboni, njll. Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile kubhekisela ohlelweni lokuhlanza amanzi aqukethe izinto ezingcolile ezihlukahlukene ezifana namanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye nendle yasekhaya ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokulahla noma izindinganiso zokuphinda zisetshenziswe. Inhloso ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokuvikela imvelo. Okubili kuhlukile ezinjongweni zokwelashwa, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha kanye nezinqubo.

Iyiphi inqubo yodaka esetshenziswa kakhulu?

Izinqubo zodaka ezivamile ezicushiwe zifaka umsele we-oxidation, i-A2/O, kanye nezinqubo zodaka ezilandelanayo zeqoqo le-SBR.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi indle ilashwe?

Isikhathi esidingekayo sokuhlanza indle sincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lokukhucululwa kwendle, inqubo yokwelapha, ubukhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesikhungo sokwelapha, njll. Isibonelo, ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo kungathatha amahora ambalwa kuphela, kuyilapho ukwelashwa kwesibili kwebhayoloji kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe okuphakeme noma ukwelashwa okujulile kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside. Isikhathi esinqunyiwe sidinga ukunqunywa ngokuya ngesakhiwo sangempela sesikhungo sokuhlanza indle kanye namazinga okusebenza.

Iyini isikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile esiyimojuli?

Isikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile esiyi-modular siyisikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile esamukela indlela yokwakha eyimodulayo nesezingeni. Ilungiselela kuqala izakhiwo ze-modular prefabricated efektri bese izihlanganisa esizeni. Le ndlela ithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokuhlanza indle futhi inciphise isikhathi sokwakha.

Luyini uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile?

Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuyinqubo esusa futhi ikhiphe ukungcola emanzini angcolile futhi iguqule lokhu kube ukungcola okungabuyiselwa emjikelezweni wamanzi. Le nqubo ibandakanya izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulahlwa kwawo okuphephile noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha.

Ziyini iphakethe lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile?

Amaphakheji okuhlanza amanzi angcolile yizindawo zokuhlanza ezakhiwe ngaphambilini ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emiphakathini emincane noma ezakhiweni ngazinye. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezivamile, amaphakheji okuhlanza amanzi angcolile anesakhiwo esihlangene futhi ibonakala ngokuhamba okulula, i-plug-and-play, nokusebenza okuzinzile.

Kuyini ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngokwebhayoloji?

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngokwebhayoloji yakhelwe ukwehlisa isithunzi ukungcola okuncibilikisiwe kukungcola ngesenzo samagciwane. Ama-microorganisms asebenzisa lezi zinto ukuze aphile futhi azalane. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zidla izinto ezingcolisayo ezikhona emanzini angcolile, ziwaguqule abe yimikhiqizo engenangozi efana ne-carbon dioxide, amanzi kanye ne-biomass. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zikamasipala nezimboni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ukuze kususwe ukungcola futhi kuvumele ukuthi amanzi akhishwe ngokuphepha endaweni ezungezile.

Ikuphi ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile okuvame kakhulu?

Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokuhlanza amanzi angcolile buhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa kwebhayoloji ngokwezimiso zobuchwepheshe. (1) Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngokomzimba ikakhulukazi busebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal, ukuhlola kanye nokungenelela nezinye izindlela ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kukhishwe ukungcola okumisiwe okungancibiliki emanzini angcolile. (2) Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha amakhemikhali ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa ukungathathi hlangothi, ukujiya, ukuna kwamakhemikhali, i-adsorption, njll. Lezi zindlela zingahlukanisa, zisebenzise kabusha, noma ziguqule ukungcola emanzini angcolile kube izinto ezingenabungozi. (3) Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha bebhayoloji ikakhulukazi busebenzisa indlela yodaka evuliwe, indlela ye-biofilm nezinye izindlela zokwehlisa isithunzi nokuguqula ukungcola kwemvelo okuncibilikisiwe kanye ne-colloidal emanzini angcolile kube izinto ezingenabungozi, ukuze amanzi angcolile ahlanzwe.

Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-membrane bioreactor?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yendabuko eyenziwe yasebenza yodaka, ama-membrane bioreactors anezinzuzo zokunyathela okuncane, ukumelana nomthwalo oqinile womthelela, kanye nesivuno esiphansi sodaka. I-"Swift" Solar-Powerwd Sewage Treatment Bioreactor eyakhiwe ngokuzimela inkampani yethu iyi-reactor ye-biofilm enamandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MBR inezinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla aphansi, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kalula.

Buyini ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlanza amanzi angcolile?

Ubuchwepheshe besihlungi sesikrini se-bacteria busebenzisa i-microbial flora, i-EPS nezinye izinto ezikudaka olucushiwe ukwenza ungqimba lwe-micron-level filtration membrane ngaphansi kwesenzo solwelwesi olukhethekile oluyisisekelo kanye nesimo sokugeleza kwe-hydraulic, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile okuqinile-okuketshezi kodaka namanzi ngokukhiqizwa kwamanzi amancane.

Yenzani i-membrane bioreactor?

I-Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) iyindawo yokuhlanza indle esebenza kahle kakhulu ehlanganisa i-biotechnology nobuchwepheshe bolwelwesi. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi ukuze ithathele indawo ithange lesibili lokuthungatha inzika enqubweni evamile yodaka ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile koketshezi oluqinile futhi inikeze ithuba lokususwa kwe-nitrogen ejulile ne-phosphorus.

Liyini ithange lokuhlanza indle?

Ithangi le-septic liyindawo yokuhlanza indle yasekhaya esetshenziselwa ukwelapha indle nokwenza ukusefa nokukhipha inhlabathi.

Yiziphi izingxenye ze-membrane bioreactor?

I-membrane bioreactor yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko umzimba wethangi lokusabela, izingxenye ze-membrane, uhlelo lokuqoqa amanzi, uhlelo lokungenisa umoya, uhlelo lokuphuma kwamanzi, njll.

Iyiphi inqubo yodaka esetshenziswa kakhulu?

Izinqubo zodaka ezivamile ezicushiwe zifaka i-A/O (i-anaerobic/aerobic), i-A2/O (i-anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic), umsele we-oxidation, i-SBR (inqubo ye-sludge eyenziwe yasebenza ngenqwaba), njll.

Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-modular yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile?

Uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile lwe-modular luyaguquguquka futhi lungahlanganiswa futhi lufaniswe ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela esizeni ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuhlanza indle. Imishini ihlanganiswe kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyihambisa nokuyifaka. Inezindleko eziphansi kanye nezinyathelo ezincane.

Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile?

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile zihlanganisa kodwa azikhawulelwe kukhabhoni ecushiwe, iphepha lokuhlunga, ulwelwesi lwesihlungi, isihlabathi sokuhlunga, ama-reagents amakhemikhali, ama-bacterial agents, njll. Lezi zinto zisetshenziselwa ukususa izinto ezimisiwe, izinsimbi ezisindayo, izinto eziphilayo kanye nokunye ukungcola emanzini angcolile ukuze kuhlanzwe ikhwalithi yamanzi. Isibonelo, ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingakhanga izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsimbi ezithile ezinzima emanzini angcolile, iphepha lokuhlunga kanye nolwelwesi lwesihlungi lungasefa izinhlayiya ezinkulu nama-microorganisms, futhi isihlabathi sokuhlunga sisetshenziselwa ukususa izinto ezimisiwe nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-reagents amakhemikhali afana nama-flocculants nama-precipitants nawo asetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuhlukanisa nokukhipha ukungcola emanzini angcolile. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuncike ekubunjweni okuqondile kwamanzi angcolile kanye nezinhloso zokwelashwa.

Iyiphi inqubo yodaka esetshenziswa kakhulu?

Izinqubo ze-sludge ezivamile ezicushiwe zifaka inqubo ye-AO, inqubo ye-A2O, inqubo ye-oxidation yomsele, inqubo ye-SBR kanye nenqubo ye-CASS.

Iyini inhloso ye-denitrification?

I-Denitrification inqubo ye-anaerobic esetshenziswa kakhulu ukususa ama-nitrate amaningi emanzini angcolile futhi ivimbele ukuchithwa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen ekubangeleni i-eutrophication yokwamukela imizimba yamanzi.

Ithini inqubo ye-A2O emanzini angcolile?

I-A2O iyinqubo yokuhlanza indle, igama layo eligcwele i-Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic. Le nqubo ihlanganisa inqubo yendabuko ecushiwe yodaka, inqubo ye-biological nitrification kanye ne-denitrification kanye nenqubo yokususwa kwe-phosphorus yebhayoloji. Inqubo eyinhloko ihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu: i-anaerobic, i-anoxic ne-aerobic. Ingakwazi ukususa izinto eziphilayo, i-denitify futhi isuse i-phosphorus ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufeza ukuhlanzwa kwendle

Ithini inqubo yodaka olucushiwe?

Udaka olucushiwe yigama elijwayelekile lemiphakathi ephilayo kanye nezinto ezingaphili ezixhumene nazo. Udaka olucushiwe lusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlanza indle namanzi angcolile. Inqubo yodaka ecushiwe iyinqubo yokwelapha yebhayoloji esebenzisa ama-microbial flocs ukwelapha indle ephilayo.

Kwenzekani kudoti oqinile okhiqizwa inqubo yokuhlanza indle?

Izindlela zokwelashwa ze-sludge ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwendle ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukugxila, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye nokulahlwa kokugcina, phakathi kwazo izindlela zokugcina zokulahla zihlanganisa ukushiswa, ukwenza umquba, ukuvutshelwa noma ukusetshenziswa njengengxube yezinto zokwakha.

Uyini umsebenzi wesihlungi sebhayoloji?

I-Biofilter ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa isenzo sama-microorganisms ukwelapha indle. Isimiso sayo sokusebenza sisekelwe ku-biofilm eyakhiwe ama-microorganisms ezintweni zokuhlunga ukuze zilulaze futhi ziguqule izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile, kuhlanganise nezakhi ezifana ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezibangela i-eutrophication yemithombo yamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kufezeke inhloso yokuhlanza indle.

Ingabe udaka lwendle luyingozi?

I-sludge ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanza indle iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqanda e-parasite kanye nama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, anokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi, anephunga elibi, futhi kulula ukubola. Uma ikhishwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izodala ukungcola kwesibili.

Amanzi angcolile enziwa ngani?

Amanzi angcolile ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: indle yasekhaya kanye namanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Izinto ezingcolisayo eziqukethwe endle ezifuywayo ikakhulukazi izinto eziphilayo (njengamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, i-urea, i-ammonia nitrogen, njll.) kanye nenani elikhulu lama-microorganisms e-pathogenic (njengamaqanda e-parasite kanye namagciwane athathelwanayo, njll.); Amanzi angcolile ezimboni anezinhlanganisela ezihlukene ezingcolisayo kuye ngemikhiqizo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu, i-mercury, i-chromium, i-cadmium, ithusi, i-zinc, kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-petroleum, izinyibilikisi, izibulala-zinambuzane, odayi, nezinto zokwenziwa.

Ingabe i-sludge ecushiwe i-aerobic noma i-anaerobic?

Udaka olucushiwe ngokuvamile luhlukaniswa njengenani labantu abancane kusistimu yokwelapha ye-aerobic ngakho-ke i-aerobic.

Kwenzekani emanzini ngemva kokuhlanza indle?

Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwendle, ukubukeka kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. Amanzi ahlanzekile acacile futhi asobala, okuqinile okumisiwe kanye ne-turbidity kuyancishiswa, futhi izinto eziyingozi njengezinsimbi ezisindayo, ukungcola kwemvelo, amagciwane, njll. ziyasuswa noma zehliselwe emazingeni aphephile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhi ezifana ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ziyancishiswa ukuvimbela i-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi. Ekugcineni, amanzi ahlanzekile ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa futhi angasetshenziswa futhi.

Yini esuswa udaka olucushiwe?

Udaka olucushiwe lungasusa izinto eziphilayo kanye nokugxila okuphezulu kokungcola okufana ne-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, i-nitrite nitrogen, i-sulphur dioxide, i-cyanide, i-phosphorus, njll. ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile.

Kwenzekani uma amanzi angcolile enganakwa?

Uma amanzi angcolile ekhishwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kuzoba nochungechunge lwemiphumela emibi: imizimba yamanzi ingcoliswe kakhulu, futhi ukuphila kwamanzi kusongelwa. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcolile, athinta imithombo yamanzi okuphuza abantu. Indawo ezungezile iyonakala, i-ecosystem yonakaliswa, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyancishiswa. Izingozi zempilo yomphakathi ziyanda, futhi amagciwane angase abangele izifo. Ngokomnotho, izindleko zokulawula ukungcola ziphezulu, futhi izimboni ezihlobene nazo zingase zihlupheke. Ngokomthetho, ukudedelwa okungekho emthethweni kungase kuholele ekuhlawulisweni nasekujezisweni kwezomthetho. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kubalulekile futhi kuyindlela edingekayo yokuvikela imvelo nempilo yabantu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethangi le-septic kanye nendawo yokwelapha iphakheji?

Amathangi e-Septic ikakhulukazi athembele ekushisweni kwenhlabathi kanye nokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic ukuze aqale ukubola izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile, kuyilapho imishini yokuhlanza indle ehlanganisiwe isebenzisa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana nendlela yodaka ecushiwe, indlela ye-biofilm, njll., ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuhlanza indle.

Kwenzekani kudoti oqinile okhiqizwa inqubo yokuhlanza indle?

Kungani kubalulekile ukuba nendawo yokuhlanza indle?

Izitshalo zokuhlanza indle zibalulekile ngoba ziyakwazi ukuphatha kahle izinto eziyingozi emanzini futhi ziziguqule zibe yizinto ezingenabungozi emvelweni, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele ukuthi indle ingakhishelwa ngqo endaweni ezungezile futhi ibangele ukulimala kwemvelo nempilo yabantu. Izitshalo zokuhlanza indle zisusa izinto ezimisiwe, izinto eziphilayo, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus nezinye izinto ezingcolisa indle ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezingokwenyama, zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji, ukuze izinga lamanzi libe ngcono futhi lihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa noma izimfuneko zokuphinda zisetshenziswe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni imithombo yamanzi, ukugcina ukulingana kwemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu.

I-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification ibhekisela kuphi?

I-nitrification ibhekisela enqubweni lapho amabhaktheriya ane-nitrifying exuba i-ammonia ibe yi-nitrite futhi aphinde ayifake ku-nitric acid; i-denitrification ibhekisela enqubweni lapho amabhaktheriya e-denitrifying ehlisa khona i-nitrate ibe yigesi ye-nitrogen (N2) noma i-nitrous oxide (N2O) ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic.

Iyini indawo yokuhlanza amanzi ephathekayo?

Ithuluzi elididiyelwe lokuhlanza indle liwuhlelo oluqedela izixhumanisi eziningi ohlelweni lokuhlanza indle ngaphakathi kwethuluzi elilodwa. Ihlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji, ukucwiliswa kwenhlabathi, nokubulala amagciwane. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza indle yasekhaya, amanzi alahlwayo ezimbonini, njll., futhi isetshenziswa ezikhathini lapho isiza sinomkhawulo noma kudingeka ukuhlanzwa okuhlangene.

Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-MBR ngokumelene nezinqubo zodaka ezicushiwe (CASP)?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo evamile eyenziwe yasebenza yodaka, isistimu yokuhlanza indle ye-MBR inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

- Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile.

- Njengoba asikho isidingo sethangi lesibili le-sedimentation, uhlelo lunemishini elula futhi luthatha indawo encane.

- Uhlelo lunokugxila okuphezulu kwe-microbial mass kanye nokulayisha okuphezulu kwevolumu.

- Isikhathi sokugcina udaka side.

- Inani le-sludge elakhiwe lincane.

- Iyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo eshaqisayo.

- Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukuphatha kanye nokubona i-automation.

Ingakanani imvamisa yokuphakelwa kweThange Lokuvubela Umanyolo?

Okokufaka kungenziwa ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sokusebenza kwephrojekthi. Umquba wezinkukhu ongu-10m3 ocutshungulwa nsuku zonke ungangezwa ku-MFT Fermentation Tank ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma ungaphakelwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.

Yimuphi umthamo omkhulu wokuphakelayo ngesikhathi seThangi Lokuvundisa Umanyolo womquba?

Kunconywa ukuthi inani eliphezulu lokudla kwansuku zonke akufanele lidlule umthamo omkhulu wokucubungula wethangi lokuvutshelwa komquba futhi lingengezwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Indlela yokuhlanza igesi ye-flue?

I-flue gas ngemva kokushiswa ihlanganisa uthuli, ama-dioxin, igesi ye-asidi nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Imibhoshongo ye-Sedimentation, iziqoqi zothuli lwezikhwama, kanye nemibhoshongo ye-electrostatic adsorption ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuvimba uthuli kugesi lomkhuhlane. Yehlisa ukugxila kwe-dioxin ngokupholisa okusheshayo kanye ne-carbon adsorption eyenziwe yasebenza. Imibhoshongo ye-Scrubber ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukususa amagesi e-asidi ne-alkali ku-flue gas.

Injani igesi ephuma ekushiseni imfucuza?

I-flue gas ngemva kokushiswa kukadoti ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-CO2, amanzi, inani elincane lothuli, i-SO2, i-NOx, ama-dioxin nokunye ukungcola. Izwe/isifunda ngasinye sibeka imikhawulo yokukhipha izinto ezingcolisayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa ukushiswa.

Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlinza udoti wasengadini?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuchoboza udoti wasengadini ukuchotshozwa kwezigaba ezimbili. Ngemva kokukhetha udoti oqinile wezinto ezingaphili njengensimbi namatshe, imfucumfucu yasengadini idluliswa ngomshini wokuchotshoza ukuze kuqedelwe ukuhlukaniswa kokuqala. Okukhiphayo kufakwa ku-crusher yesibili futhi ichotshozwe ibe ububanzi obungaphansi kuka-2mm. Ukuchotshozwa kwezigaba ezimbili kufana kakhulu kunokuchotshozwa okuyisisekelo futhi kunganweba impilo yesevisi ye-crusher.

Yiziphi izindlela zokulahla imfucuza kamasipala (MSW)?

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokulahlwa kwe-MSW zifaka ukugcwaliswa komhlaba, ukushiswa, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokwenza umquba. I-MSW ingathathwa njenge-matrix eyinkimbinkimbi njengoba iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbalwa zemfucuza, okuhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo ezivela kudoti wokudla, udoti wamaphepha, ukupakishwa, amapulasitiki, amabhodlela, izinsimbi, izindwangu, imfucumfucu yasegcekeni, nezinye izinto ezixubile.

Ukushiswa, okwaziwa nangokuthi udoti ukuya kumandla, kubandakanya ukushiswa okulawulwayo kwemfucuza eqinile kamasipala. Ukushisa okukhiqizwa yile nqubo kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi noma ukushisa. Ukushiswa kunciphisa inani lemfucuza futhi kukhiqiza amandla, okwenza kube yisixazululo esikhangayo emadolobheni anendawo elinganiselwe yokulahla imfucumfucu.

Ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokwenza umquba yizinqubo ezisimeme zokulawula imfucuza okuhloswe ngazo ukuphambukisa udoti ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza. Ukugaywa kabusha kuhlanganisa ukuqoqa nokucubungula izinto ezifana nephepha, ipulasitiki, ingilazi nensimbi ukuze kwakhiwe imikhiqizo emisha. Ukwenza umquba kubandakanya ukudiliza imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, njengezinsalela zokudla kanye nokusikwa kwegceke, kube umquba onomsoco ongasetshenziswa engadini nasekulimeni. Lezi zindlela zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo futhi zinciphise umthelela wendawo, kodwa zidinga izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokuhlunga nokuqoqwa kwemfucuza.

Iyini imishini yokugaya ukudla kwe-aerobic?

Imishini yokugaya ukudla kwe-aerobic isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial aerobic ukubola ngokushesha futhi kuguqule udoti wokudla ube umquba. Inezici zokuvutshelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ubungane bemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulahlwa kwemfucuza yokudla emiphakathini, ezikoleni, emizaneni nasemadolobheni. Amathuluzi abona "ukunciphisa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokungabi yingozi" endaweni yokuphathwa kokulahlwa kokudla.

Sisebenza kanjani isishishi sikadoti?

I-incinerator kadoti isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-pyrolysis kanye ne-gasification. Udoti ohlungiwe futhi ophukile uchithwa ube amagesi avuthayo ikakhulukazi akhiwe yi-CO ne-H2 ekamelweni lokuqala elivuthayo ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo noma umoya-mpilo omncane. Lawa magesi avuthayo angena ekamelweni lesibili elivuthayo asuka ekamelweni lokuqala elivuthayo ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zomoya, futhi ashiswe komoya-mpilo ekamelweni lesibili elivuthayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe imfucuza kanye nokubuyisela ukushisa. Igesi eshisiwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa ngemuva kokwelashwa kwegesi eshisiwe okwalandela. Ngemva kokusha, cishe amaphesenti ayishumi ensalela yemfucuza ayakhishwa futhi angagcwaliswa kudoti noma agandaywe.

Imuphi udoti oshiswa endaweni yokushisa?

Indawo yokushisela udoti ingashisa imfucumfucu eqinile kamasipala ehlukanisiwe kanye neminye imfucuza yasekhaya, njengenjoloba namapulasitiki, amaphepha, ukunitha, amapulasitiki, njll. Udoti ongenakushiswa uhlanganisa izinto ezisebenza ngogesi ezinkulu, imfucumfucu yokwakha, amatshe, inhlabathi, nemicu emikhulu nemide yemfucuza. Imichilo emikhulu, emide kadoti njengama-quilt kanye nezintambo ze-hemp izobhajwa ku-crusher, isikulufu sokudla kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo emishinini yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okubangele ukuthi okokusebenza kungakwazi ukusebenzisa noma kulimaze okokusebenza.

Ingabe ukushiswa kungcono kunendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu?

Izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu zamanje zengeza izinhlelo zokunqanda ukugeleza kwemfucuza kanye nezinhlelo zokuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa ngesikhathi sengqalasizinda kanye nokuhlanganisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthi kube khona ukungcola okwesibili ngesikhathi sokulahlwa. Kodwa-ke, ayikakwazi ukushintsha ukubi kwezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ezihlala endaweni enkulu futhi zikhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-methane. Ukushiswa kufeza ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza ngezinga elikhulu, futhi inqubo ephelele yokushiswa ifakwe uhlelo lokuhlanza igesi eliwuketshezi ukuze kwehliswe okuqukethwe kwegesi engcolile ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Izinsalela ze-biogas ezikhiqizwa ngemva kokushiswa zibe sezichithwa, okunciphisa umthwalo endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu futhi kugweme ukukhiqizwa kwe-permeate.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-composting ne-digester?

Ukwenza umquba ngokuyinhloko ukuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic noma i-hypoxic ukukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo. Ama-digesters ngokuvamile abhekisela ezinqubweni ze-anaerobic ezifana ne-biogas digester, eguqula udoti wemvelo ube uphethiloli noma ugesi. Inqubo efanele yokuvutshelwa ingakhethwa ngokuya ngokwakheka kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-organic matter.

Iyiphi imfucuza engeke yashiswa?

Imfucuza engakwazi ukushiswa ihlanganisa imfucumfucu yokudla enamanzi amaningi kakhulu, amatshe nodaka olunenani eliphansi lekhalori, umlotha omningi, nomhlabathi ongashi, imfucumfucu yokwakha, nezinto ezinkulu zikagesi. Enye imfucuza yezimboni, imfucumfucu eyingozi, kanye nemfucumfucu yaselabhorethri kudinga ukwelashwa okuqeqeshiwe bese kushiswa ngokukhethekile. OkweHYHH's 0.5-30t/d High Temperature Pyrolysis Waste Incinerator, ngaphezu kwalokhu kudoti okungenhla, kukhona nodoti wasekhaya onevolumu enkulu futhi omude, njengama-quilt, izintambo ze-hemp, njll., nawo okudingeka acoshwe echibini likadoti, ngaphandle kwalokho Ingonakalisa imishini yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Isebenza kanjani i-waste digester?

Isistimu yokuphakela ezenzakalelayo ye-digester kadoti ilahla udoti wokudla emgqonyeni kadoti endaweni yokuhlunga. Ngemva kokukhetha udoti ongavutshelwa, umshini wokugaya ugaya ugaya futhi ukhiphe amanzi emzimbeni. Udoti oqinile ungena ohlelweni lwe-aerobic fermentation ukuze ukhiqize i-organic fertilizer matrix, uketshezi lungena ku-oyela namanzi ekwelapheni ukuze kutholakale amafutha, futhi uketshezi olusele lwemfucuza luyaphathwa futhi lukhishwe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso.

Kuyini ukushiswa kwemfucuza kamasipala?

Ukushiswa kwemfucuza eqinile kamasipala kuwuhlelo lokunciphisa umthamo wemfucuza kamasipala evuthayo eqoqwayo futhi ihlungwe futhi ishiswe. Ngemva kokuba imfucuza yasekhaya isiqoqwe, ithuthelwa esiteshini sokudlulisa imfucuza ukuze ihlungwe. Imfucumfucu ekwazi ukugaywa kabusha njengezinsimbi namabhodlela epulasitiki igaywa kabusha, imfucumfucu emanzi ingafakwa umquba, futhi imfucumfucu evuthayo esele ithuthelwa endaweni yokushiswa kwemfucuza ukuze ilahlwe.

Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokucubungula udoti wokudla?

Ukwenza umquba nokubilisa imfucumfucu yokudla kungafinyelela ukuncishiswa kwevolumu futhi kukhiqize i-organic fertilizer matrix yokuvundisa okuluhlaza. Ukuze ukwelashwa okuphakathi kwenani elikhulu lokulahlwa kokudla okuqoqiwe, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-microbial aerobic fermentation, obunesivinini sokucubungula ngokushesha, obuphephile futhi obungangcoli, futhi bungakwazi ukubuyisela amafutha kanye nomanyolo we-organic.

Singayenza kanjani imfucuza yokudla ibole ngokushesha?

Ukugqugquzela okwanele kungasheshisa ukubola kwemfucuza yokudla. Ukwelapha udoti wokudla, ukuvutshelwa kwe-microbial aerobic noma ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukunyakazisa kungakhuphula indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwama-microorganisms kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla, okuvumela ama-microorganisms ukuthi asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kodoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikeza ama-microorganisms ngezinga lokushisa elifanele, umswakama, nokuqukethwe komoyampilo nakho kungakhuthaza inqubo yokubola.

Indlela yokulahla i-chicken poop?

Umquba wezinkukhu okhiqizwa amapulazi ungavutshelwa ngokushisa okuphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu lokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic wukwengeza ama-microorganisms e-aerobic asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinqubo ezinyakazayo kumquba ukusheshisa ukubola kwe-organic matter emqubeni wezinkukhu futhi ekugcineni kukhiqizwe umanyolo wemvelo. Uma inani lomquba wenkukhu okhiqizwayo likhulu, ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic bungasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza i-methane kanye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Nokho, insalela ye-biogas ekhiqiziwe idinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwe-OWC(Isiguquli Semfucumfucu Yezinto Eziphilayo)?

I-OWC (I-Organic Waste Convertor) iwuhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza yemvelo efana namakhasi ezithelo, okusalile, njll. okukhiqizwa empilweni yansuku zonke. Imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo akulula ukuyigcina futhi ikhiqiza iphunga elibi ngemva kokubola. Imishini ye-OWC iguqula izinto eziphilayo ezikudoti wezinto eziphilayo zibe yizinto ezincane zamangqamuzana aphilayo, futhi umanyolo okhiqiziwe wemvelo kulula ukuthi izitshalo ziwumunce. Yonke le nqubo inciphisa umthamo nesisindo semfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, ikhiqiza cishe kungabikho iphunga, futhi ingaphinda isetshenziswe kabusha.

Indle yenkukhu idinga isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza umquba?

7-10 izinsuku. Ukuvundisa okungokwemvelo kwendle yenkukhu kungase kuthathe izinyanga ezingu-2-3 ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, ngethangi elihlakaniphile elididiyelwe lokuvutshelwa komquba osezingeni eliphezulu, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ofanayo singafinyezwa sibe yizinsuku eziyi-7 ~ 10. Umehluko ikakhulukazi ekukhethweni kwenqubo. I-tank ye-fermentation ephezulu yokushisa inikeza indawo yokuhlala efanelekile yamabhaktheriya okuvutshelwa, okusheshisa ukubola kanye nenqubo yokuvuthwa.

Uwenza kanjani umanyolo ophilayo ngomquba wezingulube?

Umquba wezingulube, i-reflux material kanye namagciwane okuvutshelwa kwebhayoloji kuxutshwe ngokulinganayo, futhi izinga lokushisa nomoya-mpilo ofanele ukuphila nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwamagciwane okuvutshelwa kuyanikezwa. Ibhaktheriya yokuvubela ibola i-macromolecular organic matter emqubeni wengulube ibe into ephilayo engamuncwa izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukuguqulwa komquba wezingulube ube umanyolo wemvelo. Ithangi Lokuvundisa Umquba ka-HYHH selibone ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo yokwenza umanyolo wemvelo ngomquba wezingulube. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ingalawulwa ukude.

Yisiphi isibonelo semfucuza yezinto eziphilayo?

Imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imfucuza yasekhishini, imfucumfucu yokudla, imfucuza eluhlaza kanye nokunye okulahlwayo okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwemvelo futhi kulula ukubola. Ngokukhethekile, amakhasi ezithelo, amagobolondo amaqanda, okusalile, imifino, amaqabunga awile, utshani, njll. konke kungudoti wemvelo.

Ilawulwa kanjani imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo?

Udoti wemvelo unezici zokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-organic matter, amanzi amaningi kanye nokubola kalula. Udoti oqoqiwe wezinto eziphilayo ungalashwa ngokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic, ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic noma ukwenza umquba. Ukuvutshelwa kwe-Aerobic kanye nokwenza umquba kukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo, kuyilapho ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic kukhiqiza ikakhulukazi i-biogas namanye amandla agaywa kabusha.

Ingabe i-compost ethengiswayo iyanuka?

Inqubo yokwenza umquba nakanjani izokhiqiza amagesi anuka kabi njenge-hydrogen sulfide kanye ne-methyl mercaptan, azophinde akhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba wokuthengisa. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza umquba wezohwebo kuwukwelashwa okumaphakathi kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo futhi kuvame ukuhlonyiswa ngohlelo lokuqeda iphunga. Iphunga liqoqwa ngaphezu kwegumbi lokuphendula umquba futhi lithuthelwe ku-acid-base scrubber ngamapayipi ukuze kukhishwe izingxenye ezinuka kabi kugesi ngokusebenzisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwamakhemikhali.

Ingabe umquba wasekhaya ungcono kunomquba othengiswayo?

Ukwenza umquba wasekhaya ngokuvamile kunamandla amancane okucutshungulwa, ukwakheka kukadoti okungaguquki, kanye nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwekhwalithi yomanyolo okhiqizwayo. Iphinde ibe nephunga elinamandla futhi ijwayele ukungenwa omiyane. Ilungele kuphela imindeni enamakhono aqinile okusebenza ngezandla kanye negceke. Ukwenza umquba wezohwebo kuyindlela yokuqoqa nokucubungula imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ngendlela ebumbene. Mkhulu kakhulu kunomquba wasekhaya. Izingxenye zemfucuza ngemva kokuchotshozwa nokuxuba ziyafana, futhi zingakhiqiza ngokuzinzile i-organic fertilizer matrix. Iphinde ifakwe nohlelo lokuqeda iphunga, ukuvala inzalo kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nokulawula okuhlakaniphile, okwenza kube lula futhi kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuze uthole imfucuza yasekhishini efana nama-peel peels namaqabunga emifino, ungazama ukwenza umquba wasekhaya. Kwezinye izimo, kunconywa ukwenza umquba wokuthengisa.

Singawuphendula kanjani udoti wemvelo ube amandla?

Udoti wemvelo ungaguqulwa ube yi-biogas ngokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic, noma ungaxutshwa nemfucuza yasekhaya bese ushiswa ndawonye ukuze ukhiqize ukushisa nogesi. Nokho, insalela ye-biogas eqinile ngemva kokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic isaqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, okudingeka ziphinde ziboliswe ukuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic ukuze kukhiqizwe i-organic fertilizer matrix. Akunconywa ukushisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ezinomswakama ophezulu kakhulu, njengoba unomswakama ophezulu futhi awushi.

Yiliphi izinga lokushisa elilungele ukuvutshelwa?

Izinga lokushisa lokuvutshelwa lihlobene kakhulu nebhaktheriya ekhethiwe yokuvutshelwa. Ingqikithi yokuvutshelwa ukuthi ama-microorganisms abola izinto eziphilayo kudoti zibe ama-molecule amancane angamuncwa izitshalo. Imishini yokuvubela ihlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele zemvelo zokusinda nokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane avutshelwayo, futhi izinga lokushisa lingenye yazo. Imishini yokuvubela ye-HYHH isebenzisa amagciwane ashisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi izinga lokushisa ligcinwa liba ngu-70°C. Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa izidingo zokusinda zamabhaktheriya okuvutshelwa okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kungaphinda kubulale amagciwane ayingozi kudoti futhi kuzuze ukukhiqizwa okungenangozi.

Kungani ukuvutshelwa kuhamba kancane emazingeni okushisa abandayo?

Uma izinga lokushisa lingafinyeleli ezimweni zokushisa ezidingekayo ukuze kuphile amagciwane okuvutshelwa, umsebenzi webhaktheriya wokuvutshelwa uzovinjelwa futhi inqubo yokuvutshelwa izoncishiswa.

Uwuchitha kanjani udoti wasengadini?

Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-bio-fermentation obungayingeni imvelo ukwelapha udoti wasengadini. Sichoboza amagatsha, utshani, ukhula nokunye udoti wasengadini kabili, sengeze izitshalo ezincane futhi sibanikeze izimo zokuphila ezifanele. Ekugcineni, sikhiqiza i-matrix kamanyolo we-organic, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa izinsiza lifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%.

Iyini inqubo yokuvutshelwa komquba?

Ngemva kokuchotshozwa nokuxutshwa, indle ingena emshinini wokuvubela onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ithangi lokubilisa elinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa lixuba ngokugcwele indle namagciwane okuvutshelwa kwebhayoloji ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yokuvutshelwa. Ibhaktheriya elibilisayo liyabola bese livuthisa izinto eziphilayo endle futhi ekugcineni liyiguqule libe umanyolo wemvelo.

Ilahlwa kanjani imfucuza yasekhaya?

Udoti okhiqizwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke uhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi udoti omanzi, udoti ongasetshenziswa kabusha, udoti oyingozi kanye nomunye udoti. Udoti omanzi ungavutshelwa kusetshenziswa izinto zasekhishini ngemva kokuwashwa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-organic fertilizer matrix. Udoti ogaywa kabusha njengamathini nocingo lwensimbi ungagaywa kabusha. Imfucuza eyingozi idinga ukucutshungulwa yizinkampani eziqeqeshiwe. Omunye udoti uvamise ukushiswa noma ugcwaliswe.

Isiphi isishishi esisetshenziswa kakhulu?

Isishisi esivame kakhulu nesivuthiwe ngokobuchwepheshe isithando somlilo esiwumshini, esigaya amathani kadoti angaba ngu-1,000 nsuku zonke. Iziqhumiso ze-grate zemishini zinezidingo eziphezulu zenani le-calorific likadoti futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ukungeza izibaseli ezisizayo ezifana nophethiloli nodizili. Kodwa-ke, ngesilinganiso sokucubungula esingaphansi kwamathani ayi-100, izishisi zokushiswa kwegesi ziyinketho engcono.

Kuyini ukuphathwa kwemfucuza kuqala?

Ukwakhiwa kwemfucuza yasekhaya iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iningi layo lixubene nemfucuza yokudla kanye nemfucumfucu engashi, okwandisa umthwalo wokushiswa. Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kuyinqubo yokukhipha izinto ezingashi emfucumfucwini ezingase zidale umonakalo emzimbeni wesithando somlilo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuchoboza udoti ukuze ushiswe. Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kunenzuzo ukunweba impilo yesevisi yesishisi.

Iyini inhloso enkulu yokuphatha ubulongwe?

Vimbela imfuyo kanye nomquba wezinkukhu ukuthi ungangeni ngqo endaweni ezungezile futhi ubangele ukungcola, unciphise iphunga futhi uthuthukise indawo yokuhlala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umanyolo wemvelo okhiqizwa imfuyo kanye nomanyolo wezinkukhu emva kokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic ungangezelela umsoco wezwe futhi uphendule imfucuza ibe yigugu.

Ingabe ukushiswa kukadoti kukhiqiza amandla?

Ukushiswa kukadoti kukhiqiza amandla. Intuitively, inani elikhulu lokushisa likhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwemfucuza. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kwesishisi se-HYHH sikagesi, izinga lokushisa lesibili legumbi elivuthayo lizinzile ku-850-1100°C, eligwema ukukhiqizwa kwe-dioxin ngenkathi ikhiqiza ukushisa.

Ziyini izindleko zokusebenza kwesivundisi somquba?

Izindleko zokusebenza zihlanganisa izindleko zikagesi namanzi ezikhiqizwa ukusebenza kwemishini, namaholo abaqhubi. Sizokukhethela imodeli ngokusekelwe esimweni sangempela sephrojekthi futhi sikunikeze amandla athile nsuku zonke kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi.

Iyini imfuneko yokuqukethwe komswakamo kumquba ofakwa ethangini lokuvutshelwa komquba?

Umswakama womquba ofakwayo udinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kuka-70%, futhi umphumela wokucubungula uba ngcono uma okuqukethwe komswakama kungaphakathi kwama-65%.

Kufanele ngishintshe kangaki ulwelwesi lwami lwe-RO?

Ukuphila kwe-membrane ye-RO ngokuvamile cishe iminyaka engu-2-5, futhi isikhathi esiqondile sincike ezintweni ezifana nomkhiqizo, ikhwalithi, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa, nekhwalithi yamanzi aluhlaza. Ungakwazi ukwahlulela kuqala ukuthi ingabe idinga ukushintshwa ngokubheka inani, umbala, ukukhanya, ukuguguleka kwamanzi angcolile kanye nombala nokuthungwa kolwelwesi lwe-RO.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ion exchange ne-RO?

Ukushintshanisa i-ion kanye ne-osmosis ehlehlayo ubuchwepheshe obubili bokuhlanza amanzi. Ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion kusebenzisa ama-resin ukususa ama-ion athile, njenge-calcium ne-magnesium, futhi angenziwa kabusha. I-Reverse osmosis isebenzisa ulwelwesi olungena kancane ngaphansi kwengcindezi ukuze kudlule ama-molecule amanzi kuphela, igcina ukungcola okufana nezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe, izinto eziphilayo, amagciwane, njll.

Iyini i-Reverse Osmosis?

I-Reverse Osmosis (RO) iyindlela yokukhipha amanzi ahlanzekile emanzini angcolile noma emanzini anosawoti ngokuphusha amanzi ngolwelwesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Isibonelo se- reverse osmosis inqubo lapho amanzi angcolile ehlungwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza.

Iyini imishini esetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi?

Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ye-HYHH ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa isiteshi sokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza esihlanganisiwe esihlakaniphile se-DW kanye nomshini ohlanganisiwe we-osmosis. Umthamo wokucubungula ungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo.

Iyini isistimu ye-nanofiltration?

I-Nanofiltration iyinqubo yokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi oluqhutshwa ingcindezi phakathi kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-ultrafiltration. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izinto ezinesisindo esincane samangqamuzana, njengosawoti we-inorganic, noma izinto ezincane zamangqamuzana aphilayo njengeglucose ne-sucrose, nezincibilikisayo. Usayizi wembotshana we-nanofiltration membranes usukela kuma-nanometer ambalwa.

Ingabe i-NF ingcono kune-RO?

Ngokuphathelene nokunemba kokuhlunga, i-nanofiltration ayilungile njenge-osmosis ehlehlayo. Usayizi wembotshana we-reverse osmosis membrane ngu-0.002 ~ 0.0003μm, onganqamula usawoti oncibilikisiwe, izinhlayiya ze-colloidal, amagciwane, amagciwane, ama-microorganisms, izinto eziphilayo, amaminerali angaphili, nezinto zensimbi esindayo ngaphandle kwama-molecule wamanzi, amanye ama-molecule amancane, ama-ion, njll., kuyilapho i-nanofiltraration ingenayo i-filturaration membrane ephezulu.

Ingabe udinga ukukhanya kwe-UV ukuze uhlehlise i-osmosis?

Cha. Ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis olungemuva lungakwazi ukuhlunga amagciwane amaningi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, njll., futhi asikho isidingo sokwengeza amalambu e-ultraviolet ukuze kubulawe amagciwane kanye nokuvalwa inzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza amalambu e-ultraviolet kungase kunciphise ukuphila kwesevisi kwamanye amapayipi ngaphakathi kwemishini. Uma ukuhlunga amanzi angaphezulu njengamanzi emvula namanzi omthombo, ukubulawa kwamagciwane okuphindwe kabili kwe-ultraviolet kungangezwa ngaphambi kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo.

Ingabe i-osmosis ehlehlayo iwasusa amagciwane?

I-Reverse Osmosis membrane ingasusa amagciwane amaningi emanzini kampompi. Izinga lokususwa kwamagciwane le-reverse osmosis membrane liyahlukahluka kuye ngosayizi wembotshana yembotshana. Umshini ohlanganisiwe wenkampani yethu we-osmosis ungasusa amagciwane, amagciwane, njll. emanzini kampompi ngenani lokususwa elingaphezu kwama-99%.

Yenzani isistimu yamanzi e-reverse osmosis?

Inqamula ukungcola emanzini okufana nezinto eziqinile ezincibilikayo, izinto eziphilayo, ama-colloid namagciwane ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlukanisa nokuhlanzwa.

Yini engasuswa yi-reverse osmosis?

Nakuba ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlehlayo lungasefa ama-solute amaningi, asekhona amanye ama-ion angakwazi ukuhlungwa ngolwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlehlayo, njenge-sodium ion (Na+), i-calcium ion (Ca2+), i-magnesium ion (Mg2+), njll.

Uwahlanza kanjani amanzi ezindaweni ezikude?

Iningi lezindawo eziqhelile azinawo amapayipi okuqoqa indle, futhi izinga lamanzi kanye nobuningi liyashintshashintsha kakhulu futhi ukukhishwa kuyahlakazeka, ngakho-ke imishini encane yokuhlanza indle ehlanganisiwe isetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa kwendle. Ngokwezidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi angcolile, khetha ukuthi ungeze yini igumbi lokubulala amagciwane e-UV. Ungabheka okokusebenza kwethu okudidiyelwe okudidiyelwe okudidiyelwe kokukhuculula indle, njengePWT-A Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant, I-WET Sewage Treatment Plant, “Swift” Solar-Powered Sewage Treatment Bioreactor. Ngamanzi angaphezulu, amanzi kampompi kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba anekhwalithi enhle yamanzi, okokusebenza kokuhlanza i-osmosis kungasetshenziswa ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanzi okuphuza, njenge-Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment System.

Uyini umgomo we-reverse osmosis?

I-Reverse osmosis wumsebenzi wokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi oluhlukanisa i-solvent nesixazululo ngomehluko we-transmembrane pressure. Lapho ingcindezi isetshenziswa esixazululo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-membrane, lapho ingcindezi idlula ingcindezi ye-osmotic, i-solvent izongena ngokuphambene ngendlela ye-osmosis yemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela ithole i-solvent ene-permeated, okungukuthi, i-permeate, ohlangothini lwe-low-pressure ye-membrane, nesisombululo esigxilile, okungukuthi, i-concentrate, ohlangothini lokucindezela okuphezulu.

Ingabe ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion kuyehlisa i-TDS?

Inqubo yokushintshanisa i-ion inganciphisa inani eliphelele lezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe (TDS) emanzini. Ngokusebenzisa i-ion exchange resin, amanye ama-ion emanzini ayakhangiswa futhi afakwe amanye ama-ion. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuthambisa amanzi, ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini athathelwa indawo yi-sodium ion noma i-hydrogen ions, enciphisa ubulukhuni bamanzi futhi inciphise i-TDS. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokushintshanisa i-ion ngokwayo ayisusi zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe, ngakho-ke izinga lokuncishiswa kwe-TDS lincike ekutheni yimaphi ama-ion ashintshaniswayo nokuthi ukushintshaniswa kwenziwa ngempumelelo kangakanani.

Kwenzekani lapho ulwelwesi lwe-RO luguga?

Lezi zenzakalo ezintathu ezilandelayo zizokwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka yobudala be-membrane ye-RO: (1) Umthamo wokukhiqiza amanzi uyancipha.: Ukuguga kwe-membrane ye-RO kuzobangela ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwayo kwehle, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza amanzi uzokwehla kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bembotshana yolwelwesi lwe-RO buba bukhulu, okuvumela izinto eziyingozi okufanele zihlungwe ukuze zingene emanzini ngama-membrane pores, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqizwa kwamanzi. (2) Ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi: Ngemva kokuguga kolwelwesi lwe-RO, umphumela wawo wokuhlunga uba buthaka, futhi ikhwalithi yamanzi asetshenzisiwe izokwehla kakhulu. Inani le-TDS (ingqikithi yezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe) lingase lenyuke, amanzi anganambitheka kakhulu, noma abe ne-off-flavour.12. (3) Ukulimala kwemishini: Uma i-membrane ye-RO ingashintshwa ngesikhathi ngemuva kokuguga, izokwenza ukuthi iphampu yokucindezela isebenze ngokweqile, isheshise umonakalo ohlelweni lokuhlanza amanzi, futhi yandise izindleko zokulondoloza esikhathini esizayo.